New Ideas

Political   and   moral   world   in   Gulliver’s   travels Gulliver’s   travels   is   a   satire   on   four   aspects   of   man:   the   physical,   the   political,   the   intellectual,   and   the   moral.   The   book   is   also   a   parody   of   travel   literature;   and   it   is   at   once   science   fiction.   It   expresses   savage   indigation   at   the   follies,   vices   and   stupidities   of   men,   and   it   shows   an   awareness   of   man’s   tragic   insufficiency.   At   the   same   time   it   is   a   great   comic   masterpiece,   a   fact   which   readers   of ...

Shakespeare’s PLOT STRUCTURE of Antony and Cleopatra : An   Analysis with Historical Perspective The relationship between Egypt and Rome in Antony and Cleopatra is central to understanding the plot, as the dichotomy allows the reader to gain more insight into the characters, their relationships, and the ongoing events that occur throughout the play. Shakespeare emphasizes the differences between the two nations with his use of language and literary devices, which also highlight the different characterizations of the two countries by their own inhabitants and visitors. Literary critics have also spent many years developing arguments concerning the "masculinity" of Rome and the Romans and the "femininity" of Egypt and the Egyptians. In traditional criticism of Antony and Cleopatra, “Rome has been characterized as a male world, presided over by the austere Caesar, and Egypt as a female domain, embodied by a Cleopatra who is seen to be as abundant, leaky, and...

The Duchess of Malfi “And the life of man solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.” Do you think that Hobbes’s formulation of the “natural condition of mankind” is applicable to Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi. According to Thomas Hobbes, in his book Leviathan, Chapter XIII (Of the natural condition of Mankind, as concerning their Felicity, and Misery), the “natural condition of mankind” is what would exist if there were no government; no civilisation; no laws; no common power to restrain human nature. The state of nature is ‘war of man against every man’ in which humans constantly seek to annihilate each other in a ceaseless quest of power. In the nature of man there are “three principle causes of quarrel”: Competition, diffidence and glory. The first makes men work for gain; the second for safety and the last for their reputation. To achieve gain from competing with others, violence is used so that they may become Masters of other “men’s persons, wives, children and cattle...

Qaid-e-Hayaat-e-Band-o-Gham, Asll Mein Donoon Ek Hain Maut Se Pehle Aadmi, Gham Se Najaat Paaye Kyun? Imprisonment of life, or captivity of grief are but the same Can man before death ever find his sorrows gone? ~Mirza Ghalib This couplet by Mirza Ghalib seems to give a voice to the Duchess’s emotional state preceding her death. The Duchess, like many other literary figures of her time, reflects a growing figure of falling victim to the temptation of despair after being led to believe that her husband and children are dead. A deep sense of hopelessness and despondency seems to grip her imagination leading to an active state of the abandonment of hope impelling to a furious struggle against the thus created adverse circumstances with utter disregard of the consequences of her actions. Like most of the characters of The Duchess of Malfi , the duchess suffers from transient melancholy that forces her to think of death as an escape route to human suffering. The Duchess does no...