दो ध्रुवीयता का अंत

-

दो ध्रुवीयता का अंत 


सोवियत प्रणाली क्या थी ?
 - समाजवादी सोवियत गणराज्य (ussr ) रूस में हुई 1917 की समाजवादी क्रांति के बाद अस्तित्व में आया।
- यह क्रांति पूंजीवादी व्यवस्था के विरोध में हुई थी।
- निजी सम्पति की संस्था को समाप्त करने और समाज को समानता के सिद्धांत सचेत रूप से रचने की सबसे बड़ी कोशिश थी। 
- पार्टी की संस्था को महत्व।
- विपक्ष के लिए कोई जगह नहीं।
- अर्थव्यवस्था योजनाबद्ध तथा राज्य के नियंत्रण में।
- संचार की उच्च प्रणाली
- विशाल ऊर्जा संसाधन

सोवियत प्रणाली की कमियाँ -
- सोवियत प्रणाली पर नौकरशाही का शिकंजा। 
- प्रणाली का सतावादी होना।
- लोकतंत्र और अभिव्यक्ति की आजादी न होना।
- एक दाल यानि कम्यूनिस्ट पार्टी का शासन।
दल का जनता के प्रति जवाबदेह न होना।
संघ के 15 गणराज्यो में रूस का प्रभूत्व।
हथियारों की होड में भारी कीमत चुकाना
बुनियादी ढांचों का वेस्टर्न कन्ट्रीज से पीछे होना।
लोगो की बुनियादी आकांक्षाओं को पूरा न करना।  

सोवियत संघ के विघटन की परिणतियाँ 
- समाजवादी विचारधारा तथा पूँजीवादी विचारधारा के बिच प्रतिस्पर्धा का ख़त्म होना।
- नई शांति की संभावना का जन्म होना।
- विश्व राजनीती में शक्ति संबंध बदल जाना। 
- अमरीका का अकेली महाशक्ति बनना।















Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

THE MERITS AND DEMERITS OF STRUCTURALISM AND POST-STRUCTURALISM AS CRITICAL CONCEPTS ACCORDING TO TERRY EAGLETON

-
THE MERITS AND DEMERITS OF STRUCTURALISM AND POST-STRUCTURALISM AS CRITICAL CONCEPTS ACCORDING TO TERRY EAGLETON According to Mary Klages in his work Literary Theory: A guide for the perplexed, Structuralism is a way of thinking that words to find the fundamental basic units or elements of which anything is made. Structuralism appears in a variety of fields, including anthropology, linguistics, mathematics, and literary and cultural criticism. Pramod k. Nayar also pointed out in his work Contemporary Literary Theory and Cultural Theory: From Structuralism to Ecocriticism that structuralism looks at the relationship between the various elements within the self-contained, well-organized structure of a text in order to understand the ways by which the text produces meaning. It focuses on the form of a text by looking at elements like voice, character, setting, and their combination.                                        In the study of Structuralism, the world which we see, t
Read more

Shakespeare’s PLOT STRUCTURE of Antony and Cleopatra: An Analysis with Historical Perspective

-
Shakespeare’s PLOT STRUCTURE of Antony and Cleopatra : An   Analysis with Historical Perspective The relationship between Egypt and Rome in Antony and Cleopatra is central to understanding the plot, as the dichotomy allows the reader to gain more insight into the characters, their relationships, and the ongoing events that occur throughout the play. Shakespeare emphasizes the differences between the two nations with his use of language and literary devices, which also highlight the different characterizations of the two countries by their own inhabitants and visitors. Literary critics have also spent many years developing arguments concerning the "masculinity" of Rome and the Romans and the "femininity" of Egypt and the Egyptians. In traditional criticism of Antony and Cleopatra, “Rome has been characterized as a male world, presided over by the austere Caesar, and Egypt as a female domain, embodied by a Cleopatra who is seen to be as abundant, leaky, and
Read more

Beehive All Chapters and Poems' Summary Class IX

-
 ### Prose Summaries #### 1. **The Fun They Had** In this futuristic tale by Isaac Asimov, education is highly mechanized, with robotic teachers and virtual classrooms. Margie and Tommy, two children living in this era, discover a printed book from the 20th century, sparking their curiosity about how schools used to be. Margie is particularly intrigued by the idea of human teachers who could interact with students, answer their questions directly, and understand their individual needs. This contrasts sharply with her experiences with the impersonal, mechanical teacher. Margie’s mechanical teacher is strict and monotonous, causing her to yearn for the lively and interactive school life described in the old book. The story concludes with Margie reflecting on the joys of the past educational system, appreciating the human connection and personal attention that it fostered. This story serves as a critique of over-reliance on technology in education and emphasizes the irreplaceable value of
Read more